Classification of Failure Modes for Ball Bearings Plastic Deformation (Overload Deformation)

Mar 10, 2026

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The overload deformation of bearings may be caused by static overload, impact load, or improper operation. The damages caused by various reasons appear to be the same in appearance, so we have merged them into one type of bearing failure mode.

 

As shown in the figure below, the bearing cage has been directly impacted and deformed. If the bearing is put into use, it will generate a high level of noise and vibration.

 

Plastic deformation of ball bearing retainer caused by improper operation

Picture of bearing plastic deformation case1

 

 

If installation force is applied through rolling elements or if the bearing is subjected to abnormal loads when at rest, the raceway and rolling elements may experience indentation damage (as shown in the following figure).

 

Overload deformation caused by incorrect installation method

Picture of bearing plastic deformation case2

 

 

The spacing between indentation marks is equal to the spacing between rolling elements, as shown in the following figure:

Picture of bearing plastic deformation case3

 

 

Solution: Use the correct installation tools and methods, as shown in the following figure:

Picture of bearing plastic deformation case4

 

 

Handling operations play a crucial role in the production, transportation, storage, and installation processes.
Improper handling is manifested as visible scratches caused by local overload and hard and/or sharp objects. The steel ball caused scratches on the roller pitch circle on the inner raceway. If bearings are put into use, they will generate a high level of noise and vibration.

 

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Deep groove ball bearing 6000 series model table

 

 

 

 

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